AND ABRAM WENT DOWN TO EGYPT TO SOJOURN THERE. Why to Egypt? Because it is compared to the Garden of the Lord, as it is written, “Like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt”. For there a certain stream (from the Garden) which is on the right descends and flows, as it is written, “The name of the one was Pishon, that it is which compasseth the whole land of Havilah where there is gold” (Gen. 2, 11).
When Abram knew God and became perfect in faith, he sought to acquaint himself with all those grades (of wisdom) which are attached to the lower world, and since Egypt derived from the Right, he went down to Egypt. (We remark here that famine comes only when mercy ceases to temper justice.)
NOW IT CAME TO PASS THAT WHEN HE WAS COME NEAR TO ENTER INTO EGYPT. The word hikrib (came near) literally means “brought near”; as much as to say that he brought himself fittingly near to God. TO ENTER INTO EGYPT: i.e. to examine those other (worldly) grades so as to know how to avoid them and to shun the ways of the Egyptians.
R. Judah said : ‘Consider this. Because Abram went down to Egypt without first obtaining God’s consent (for nowhere is it written that God told Abram to go down to Egypt), therefore his descendants were enslaved to the Egyptians four hundred years.’ All that night he was filled with anxiety concerning Sarai,
AND HE SAID TO SARAI HIS WIFE, BEHOLD NOW I KNOW THAT THOU ART A FAIR WOMAN TO LOOK UPON. Did he then not know it before? This confirms what we have learnt, that up to that time Abram had never looked closely at the features of Sarai on account of the excessive modesty which ruled their intercourse, but when he approached Egypt they were disclosed, and he saw how fair she was.
According to another explanation, he knew it through the fact that, contrary to the usual experience, she looked as beautiful as ever after the fatigues of the journey. Another explanation is that Abram said so because he saw with her the Shekinah. It was on this account that Abram made bold to say subsequently, “she is my sister”,
with a double meaning: one the literal, the other figurative, as in the words “say to Wisdom, thou art my sister” (Prov. 7, 4). SAY NOW THOU ART MY SISTER.
SAY NOW THOU ART MY SISTER. R. Yesa said: ‘Abram knew that all the Egyptians were full of lewdness. It may therefore seem surprising that he was not apprehensive for his wife and that he did not turn back without entering the country. But the truth is that he saw with her the Shekinah and was therefore confident.
וַיֵּרֶד אַבְרָם מִצְרַיְמָה לָגוּר שָׁם. מַאי טַעְמָא לְמִצְרַיִם. אֶלָּא בְּגִין דְּשָׁקִיל לְגַן יְיָ. דִּכְתִיב כְּגַן יְיָ כְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם. דְּתַמָּן שָׁקִיל וְנָחִית חַד נַהֲרָא דְּאִיהוּ לְיָמִינָא דִּכְתִיב, (בראשית ב׳:י״א) שֵׁם הָאֶחָד פִּישׁוֹן הוּא הַסּוֹבֵב אֶת כָּל אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה אֲשֶׁר שָׁם הַזָּהָב.
AND ABRAM WENT DOWN TO EGYPT TO SOJOURN THERE. Why to Egypt? Because it is compared to the Garden of the Lord, as it is written, “Like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt”. For there a certain stream (from the Garden) which is on the right descends and flows, as it is written, “The name of the one was Pishon, that it is which compasseth the whole land of Havilah where there is gold” (Gen. 2, 11).
וְאַבְרָהָם כֵּיוָן דְּיָדַע וְעָאל בְּהֵימְנוּתָא שְׁלֵימָתָא. בָּעָא לְמִנְדַע כָּל אִנּוּן דַּרְגִּין דְּאִתְאַחֲדָן לְתַתָּא. וּמִצְרַיִם הֲוָה נָטִיל מִיָּמִינָא (ד"א לימינא) וּבְגִין כָּךְ נָחַת לְמִצְרַיִם. וְתָּא חֲזֵי, כַּפְנָא לָא אִשְׁתְּכַח בְּאַרְעָא אֶלָּא כַּד מִסְתַּלְּקֵי רַחֲמֵי מִן דִּינָא:
When Abram knew God and became perfect in faith, he sought to acquaint himself with all those grades (of wisdom) which are attached to the lower world, and since Egypt derived from the Right, he went down to Egypt. (We remark here that famine comes only when mercy ceases to temper justice.)
וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב לָבֹא מִצְרָיְמָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר כַּאֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב, כַּאֲשֶׁר קָרַב מִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ. מַאי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב, אֶלָּא כְּדִכְתִיב, (שמות י״ד:י׳) וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב דְּאִיהוּ אַקְרִיב לְהוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְתִיוּבְתָּא. אוּף הָכָא הִקְרִיב, דְּאַקְרִיב גַּרְמֵיהּ לְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא כְּדְקָא יְאוּת. לָבֹא מִצְרָיְמָה לְאַשְׁגָּחָא בְּאִנּוּן דַּרְגִּין וּלְאִתְרַחֲקָא מִנַּיְיהוּ וּלְאִתְרַחֲקָא מֵעוֹבְדֵי מִצְרַיִם.
NOW IT CAME TO PASS THAT WHEN HE WAS COME NEAR TO ENTER INTO EGYPT. The word hikrib (came near) literally means “brought near”; as much as to say that he brought himself fittingly near to God. TO ENTER INTO EGYPT: i.e. to examine those other (worldly) grades so as to know how to avoid them and to shun the ways of the Egyptians.
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה תָּא חֲזֵי, כֵיוָן (ס"א בגין) דְּנָחַת אַבְרָהָם לְמִצְרַיִם בְּלָא רְשׁוּ, אִשְׁתַּעְבִּידוּ בְּנוֹי בְּמִצְרַיִם אַרְבַּע מְאָה שְׁנִין, דְּהָא כְּתִיב וַיֵּרֶד אַבְרָם מִצְרָיְמָה. וְלָא כְּתִיב רֵד מִצְרָיִם, וְאִצְטָעַר כָּל הַהוּא לֵילְיָא בְּגִינָהּ דְּשָׂרָה.
R. Judah said : ‘Consider this. Because Abram went down to Egypt without first obtaining God’s consent (for nowhere is it written that God told Abram to go down to Egypt), therefore his descendants were enslaved to the Egyptians four hundred years.’ All that night he was filled with anxiety concerning Sarai,
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל שָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ הִנֵּה נָא יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אִשָּׁה יְפַת מַרְאֶה אָתְּ. וְכִי עַד הַהִיא שַׁעֲתָא לָא הֲוָה יָדַע אַבְרָהָם דְּאִשָּׁה יְפַת מַרְאֶה הֲוַת. אֶלָּא הָא אוּקְמוּהָ דְּעַד הַהִיא שַׁעֲתָא לָא אִסְתַּכַּל בְּדִיוּקְנָא דְשָׂרָה בִּסְגִיאוּת צְנִיעוּתָא דְּהֲוַת בֵּינֵיהוֹן, וְכַד קָרִיב לְמִצְרַיִם אִתְגַלְיָיא אִיהִי וְחָמָא בָּהּ.
AND HE SAID TO SARAI HIS WIFE, BEHOLD NOW I KNOW THAT THOU ART A FAIR WOMAN TO LOOK UPON. Did he then not know it before? This confirms what we have learnt, that up to that time Abram had never looked closely at the features of Sarai on account of the excessive modesty which ruled their intercourse, but when he approached Egypt they were disclosed, and he saw how fair she was.
דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּמָּה יָדַע, אֶלָּא עַל יְדָא דְּטוֹרַח אוֹרְחָא בַּר נָשׁ מִתְבַּזֶּה וְהִיא קָיְימָא בְּשַׁפִּירוּ דִילָהּ וְלָא אִשְׁתַּנִּי. דָּבָר אַחֵר הִנִּה נָא יָדַעְתִּי דְּחָמָא עִמָּהּ שְׁכִינְתָּא. וּבְגִין כָּךְ אִתְרְחַץ אַבְרָהָם וְאָמַר אֲחוֹתִי הִיא.
According to another explanation, he knew it through the fact that, contrary to the usual experience, she looked as beautiful as ever after the fatigues of the journey. Another explanation is that Abram said so because he saw with her the Shekinah. It was on this account that Abram made bold to say subsequently, “she is my sister”,
וּמִלָּה דָא אִסְתָּלַּק לִתְרֵי גְּוָונִין. חַד כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. וְחַד כְּדִכְתִיב, (משלי ז׳:ד׳) אֱמוֹר לַחָכְמָה אֲחוֹתִי אָתְּ. וּכְתִיב אִמְרִי נָא אֲחוֹתִי אָתְּ. וּכְתִיב, (דברים ה׳:כ״ד) וְאַתְּ תְּדַבֵּר אֵלֵינוּ. לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי בַּעֲבוּרֵךְ, כְּלַפֵּי שְׁכִינָה אָמַר בַּעֲבוּרֵךְ יִיטַב לִי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא. וְחָיְתָה נַפְשִׁי בִּגְלָלֵךְ. בְּגִין דִּבְדָא יִסְתַּלַּק בַּר נָשׁ וְיִזְכֶּה לְאִסְתַּלְּקָא לְאָרְחָא דְחַיֵּי.
with a double meaning: one the literal, the other figurative, as in the words “say to Wisdom, thou art my sister” (Prov. 7, 4). SAY NOW THOU ART MY SISTER.
אִמְרִי נָא אֲחוֹתִי וְגו'. רַבִּי יֵיסָא אָמַר יָדַע הֲוָה אַבְרָהָם דְּכֻלְהוּ מִצְרָאֵי שְׁטִיפִין אִנּוּן בְּזִמָּה, וְכֵיוָן דְּכָל הַאי יָדַע אַמַּאי לָא דָחִיל עַל אִתְּתֵיהּ דְּלָא אַהֲדַר מֵאָרְחָא וְלָא יֵיעוּל לְתַמָּן. אֶלָּא בְּגִין דְּחָמָא שְׁכִינְתָּא עִמָּהּ:
SAY NOW THOU ART MY SISTER. R. Yesa said: ‘Abram knew that all the Egyptians were full of lewdness. It may therefore seem surprising that he was not apprehensive for his wife and that he did not turn back without entering the country. But the truth is that he saw with her the Shekinah and was therefore confident.