Said R. Jose: ‘Why is it that many kinds of magic and divination are only found in women?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘Thus I have learnt, that when the serpent had intercourse with Eve he injected defilement into her but not into her husband.’ R. Jose then went up to R. Isaac and kissed him, saying, ‘Many a time have I asked this question, but not until now have I received a real answer.’
R. Jose further asked him: ‘In which place and from whom did Balaam derive all his magical practices and knowledge?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘He learned it first from his father, but it was in the “mountains of the East”, which are in an eastern country, that he obtained a mastery of all the arts of magic and divination. For those mountains are the abode of the angels Uzza and Azael whom the Holy One cast down from heaven, and who were chained there in iron fetters. It is they who impart to the sons of men a knowledge of magic. Hence the Scripture says: “From Aram Balak bringeth me, the King of Moab, from the mountains of the East” (Num. 23, 7).’
But,’ said R. Jose, ‘is it not written, “and he went not as at the other times to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness” (Ibid. 24, 1)?’ Said R. Isaac to him: ‘The lower side, which comes from the unclean spirit above, was the unclean spirit prevailing in the wilderness when Israel made the calf in order to defile themselves therewith; and Balaam tried every device of magic to uproot Israel, but without success.’
Said R. Jose: ‘You rightly said that when the serpent had carnal intercourse with Eve he injected into her defilement. We have, however, been taught that when Israel stood at Mount Sinai that defilement left them. But only Israel, who have received the Torah, were freed from it; whereas all the other nations, the idolaters, remained infected with it.’
R. Isaac said: ‘What you say is right. But observe that the Torah was only given to males, as it is written, “And this is the law which Moses set before the sons of Israel” (Deut. 4, 44), so that women are exempt from the precepts of the Torah.’
Furthermore, after they sinned they reverted to their former state of infection, of which it is more difficult for a woman to rid herself than for a man. Hence greater numbers of women are found to be addicted to magic and lasciviousness than men, as they come from the left side, and so are under the aegis of the divine rigour, and this side cleaves to them more than to men.
Here is a proof of what I have just said, namely, that Balaam polluted himself first in order to draw unto himself the unclean spirit. During the period of a woman’s menstruation a man must keep away from her, as then she is in close touch with the unclean spirit, and therefore at such a period she will be more successful in the use of magical arts than at any other time. Whatever thing she touches becomes unclean, and all the more so any man coming too near her. Happy are Israel, to whom the Holy One gave the Torah containing the precept, “and thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is impure by her uncleanness” (Lev. 18, 19).’
R. Jose asked: ‘Why is one who attempts to interpret the chirping of birds called nahash (magician, also “serpent”)?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘Because such a one certainly comes from the left side, as the unclean spirit hovers over such a bird and imparts to it a knowledge of future events; and all unclean spirits are attached to the serpent (nahash)? from whom none can escape, since he is with everyone and will remain so until the time when the Holy One will remove him from the world, as already said, and as it is written, “He will swallow up death for ever, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces, etc.” (Is. 25, 8), and also, “and the unclean spirit I will cause to pass out of the land” (Zech. 13, 2).’
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אַמַּאי כָּל זַיְינֵי חֳרָשִׁין וְקוֹסְמִין לָא אִשְׁתַּכָּחוּ אֶלָּא בִּנְשַׁיָּיא. אָמַר לֵיהּ הָכִי אוֹלִיפְנָא מִדַּאֲתָא נָחָשׁ עַל חַוָּה הִטִּיל בָּהּ זוּהֲמָא, בָּהּ אַטִּיל וְלָא בְּבַעֲלָהּ. אָמַר הָכִי הוּא וַדַּאי, אֲתָא רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וּנְשָׁקֵיהּ לְרַבִּי יִצְחָק, אָמַר כַּמָּה זִמְנִין שָׁאִילְנָא הַאי מִלָּה וְלָא זָכִינָא בָּהּ אֶלָּא הַשְׁתָּא.
Said R. Jose: ‘Why is it that many kinds of magic and divination are only found in women?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘Thus I have learnt, that when the serpent had intercourse with Eve he injected defilement into her but not into her husband.’ R. Jose then went up to R. Isaac and kissed him, saying, ‘Many a time have I asked this question, but not until now have I received a real answer.’
אָמַר לֵיהּ כָּל הַנֵּי עוֹבָדִין וְכָל מַה דְּיָדַע בִּלְעָם מֵאָן אֲתַר אוֹלִיף לֵיהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ מֵאֲבוֹי. אֲבָל בְּאִינוּן הַרְרֵי קֶדֶם דְּאִיהוּ אֶרֶץ קֶדֶם אוֹלִיף כָּל חֳרָשִׁין וְכָל זִינֵי קוֹסְמִין. (שמות קיב) בְּגִין דִּבְאִינוּן טוִּרִי אִינוּן מַלְאֲכֵי עֲזָ"א וַעֲזָאֵ"ל, דְּאַפִּיל לוֹן קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מִן שְׁמַיָא וְאִינוּן קְטִירִין בְּשַׁלְשְׁלָאֵי דְפַרְזְלָא וְאוֹדִיעִין חֳרָשִׁין לִבְנֵי נָשָׁא, וּמִתַּמָּן הֲוָה יָדַע בִּלְעָם כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמֵר מִן אֲרָם יַנְחֵנִי בָלָק מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב מֵהַרְרֵי קֶדֶם.
R. Jose further asked him: ‘In which place and from whom did Balaam derive all his magical practices and knowledge?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘He learned it first from his father, but it was in the “mountains of the East”, which are in an eastern country, that he obtained a mastery of all the arts of magic and divination. For those mountains are the abode of the angels Uzza and Azael whom the Holy One cast down from heaven, and who were chained there in iron fetters. It is they who impart to the sons of men a knowledge of magic. Hence the Scripture says: “From Aram Balak bringeth me, the King of Moab, from the mountains of the East” (Num. 23, 7).’
אָמַר לֵיהּ וְהָא כְּתִיב וְלא הָלַךְ כְּפַעַם בְּפַעַם לִקְרַאת נְחָשִׁים וַיָּשֶׁת אֶל הַמִּדְבָּר פָּנָיו. אָמַר לֵיהּ, סִטְרָא תַּתָּאָה דְּאַתְיָא מֵרוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא דִלְעֵילָא, הוּא רוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא דְּשַׁלִּיט בְּמַדְבְּרָא כַּד עָבְדוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת עֶגְלָא בְּגִין לְאִסְתָּאֲבָא בַּהֲדֵיהּ דְּאִיהוּ תַּתָּאָה, וּבְכֹלָּא עֲבַד חֳרָשׁוֹי בְּגִין דְּיֵכוּל לְאַעֲקָרָא לוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא יָכִיל.
But,’ said R. Jose, ‘is it not written, “and he went not as at the other times to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness” (Ibid. 24, 1)?’ Said R. Isaac to him: ‘The lower side, which comes from the unclean spirit above, was the unclean spirit prevailing in the wilderness when Israel made the calf in order to defile themselves therewith; and Balaam tried every device of magic to uproot Israel, but without success.’
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי הַאי דְאָמַרְתְּ בְּקַדְמִיתָא דְּכַד נָחָשׁ אֲתָא עַל חַוָּה אַטִיל בָּהּ זוּהֲמָא שַׁפִּיר, אֲבָל הָא תָּנִינָן דְּכַד קָאִימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל טוּרָא דְסִינַי פָּסַק מִנַּיְיהוּ זוּהֲמָא. יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּקַבִּילוּ אוֹרַיְיתָא פָּסַק מִנַּיְיהוּ זוּהֲמָא, אֲבָל שְׁאָר עַמִּין עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת דְּלָא קַבִּילוּ אוֹרַיְיתָא לָא פָּסְקָא זוּהֲמָא מִנַּיְיהוּ.
Said R. Jose: ‘You rightly said that when the serpent had carnal intercourse with Eve he injected into her defilement. We have, however, been taught that when Israel stood at Mount Sinai that defilement left them. But only Israel, who have received the Torah, were freed from it; whereas all the other nations, the idolaters, remained infected with it.’
אָמַר לֵיהּ שַׁפִּיר קָאֲמַרְתְּ, אֲבָל תָּא חֲזֵי, אוֹרַיְיתָא לָא אִתְיְיהִיבַת אֶלָּא לִדְכוּרֵי דִּכְתִיב, (דברים ד׳:מ״ד) וְזֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר שָׂם משֶׁה לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. דְּהָא נַשֵּׁי פְּטִירִין מִפִּקּוּדֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא.
R. Isaac said: ‘What you say is right. But observe that the Torah was only given to males, as it is written, “And this is the law which Moses set before the sons of Israel” (Deut. 4, 44), so that women are exempt from the precepts of the Torah.’
וְעוֹד דְּאַהֲדָרוּ כֻּלְּהוּ לְזוּהֲמָתָן כְּקַדְמִיתָא בָּתַר דְּחָטוּ, וְאִתְּתָא קַשְׁיָא לְאִתְפְּרָשָׁא זוּהֲמָא מִנָּהּ יַתִּיר מִגַּבְרָא. וּבְגִין כָּךְ אִשְׁתַּכָּחוּ נָשִׁין בַּחֲרָשַׁיָא וּבְזוּהֲמָא דָא יַתִּיר מִגּוּבְרִין. דְּהָא נְשַׁיָא מִסִּטְרָא דִשְׂמָאלָא קָא אַתְיָין וְאִתְדַּבָּקוּ בְּדִינָא קַשְׁיָא, וְסִטְרָא דָא אִתְדָּבַּק בְּהוּ יַתִּיר מִגּוּבְרִין כְּמָה דְאִתְּמַר בְּגִין דְּאַתְיָא מִסִּטְרָא דְדִינָא קַשְׁיָא, וְכֹלָּא אִתְדָּבַּק וְאָזִיל בָּתַר זִינֵיהּ.
Furthermore, after they sinned they reverted to their former state of infection, of which it is more difficult for a woman to rid herself than for a man. Hence greater numbers of women are found to be addicted to magic and lasciviousness than men, as they come from the left side, and so are under the aegis of the divine rigour, and this side cleaves to them more than to men.
תָּא חֲזֵי, דְּהָכִי הוּא כְּמָה דַאֲמִינָא, דְּבִלְעָם הֲוָה אִסְתָּאַב בְּקַדְמִיתָא בְּגִין לְאַמְשָׁכָא עֲלֵיהּ רוּחָא מְסָאֲבָא. כְּגַוְונָא דָא אִתְּתָא בְּיוֹמֵי דִּמְסָאֲבוּ דִילָהּ אִית לֵיהּ לְבַר נָשׁ לְאִסְתַּמְּרָא מִנָּהּ, בְּגִין דִּבְרוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא אִתְדַּבְּקַת וּבְהַהוּא זִמְנָא אִי אִיהִי תַּעֲבִיד חֳרָשִׁין אַצְלָחוּ בִּידָהָא יַתִּיר מִזִּמְנָא אָחֳרָא, דְּהָא רוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא שַׁרְיָא עִמַּהּ, וְעַל דָּא בְּכָל מַה דְּקָרִיבַת אִסְתָּאַב, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן מַאן דְּקָרִיב בַּהֲדָהּ. זַכָּאִין אִינוּן יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא יָהִיב לוֹן אוֹרַיְיתָא וְאָמַר לוֹן (ויקרא י״ח:י״ט) וְאֶל אִשָּׁה בְּנִדַּת טֻמְאָתָהּ לא תִקְרַב לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוָתָהּ אֲנִי יְיָ.
Here is a proof of what I have just said, namely, that Balaam polluted himself first in order to draw unto himself the unclean spirit. During the period of a woman’s menstruation a man must keep away from her, as then she is in close touch with the unclean spirit, and therefore at such a period she will be more successful in the use of magical arts than at any other time. Whatever thing she touches becomes unclean, and all the more so any man coming too near her. Happy are Israel, to whom the Holy One gave the Torah containing the precept, “and thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is impure by her uncleanness” (Lev. 18, 19).’
אָמַר לֵיהּ הַאי מַאן דְּאִסְתַּכַּל בְּצִפְצוּפוֹי דְּעוֹפֵי אַמַּאי אִקְרֵי נָחָשׁ. אָמַר לוֹ דְּהָא מֵהַהוּא סִטְרָא קָאָתֵי דְּרוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא שַׁרְיָא עַל הַהוּא עוֹפָא וְאוֹדַע מִלִּין בְּעַלְמָא. וְכָל רוּחַ מְסָאֲבָא בְּנָחָשׁ אִתְדַּבָּקוּ וְאַתְיָין לְעַלְמָא וְלֵית מַאן דְּיִשְׁתְּזִיב מִנֵּיהּ בְּעַלְמָא, דְּהָא אִיהוּ אִשְׁתַּכַּח עִם כֹּלָּא, עַד זִמְנָא דְּזָמִּין קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְאַעֲבָרָא לֵיהּ מֵעַלְמָא כְּמָה דְאִתְּמָר דִּכְתִיב, (ישעיהו כ״ה:ח׳) בִּלַע הַמָּוֶת לָנֶצַח וּמָחָה יְיָ אֱלהִים דִּמְעָה מֵעַל כָּל פָּנִים וְגו'. וּכְתִיב, (זכריה י״ג:ב׳) וְאֶת רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה אַעֲבִיר מִן הָאָרֶץ וְגו'.
R. Jose asked: ‘Why is one who attempts to interpret the chirping of birds called nahash (magician, also “serpent”)?’ R. Isaac replied: ‘Because such a one certainly comes from the left side, as the unclean spirit hovers over such a bird and imparts to it a knowledge of future events; and all unclean spirits are attached to the serpent (nahash)? from whom none can escape, since he is with everyone and will remain so until the time when the Holy One will remove him from the world, as already said, and as it is written, “He will swallow up death for ever, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces, etc.” (Is. 25, 8), and also, “and the unclean spirit I will cause to pass out of the land” (Zech. 13, 2).’