“The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day” (Genesis 6:5). “The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great” – it is written: “For there is a man whose work is with wisdom, with knowledge, and with smoothness” (Ecclesiastes 2:21).1“There is a man” actually refers to God, as the Midrash goes on to elaborate. Rabbi Yudan said: How great is the power of prophets, in that they can liken the creation to its Creator,2This is phrased euphemistically, as they actually describe the Creator in human terms. as it is stated, [describing a vision of God]: “I heard the voice of a man by the Ulai” (Daniel 8:16). Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: You have another verse that is even clearer than this one, as it is stated [describing a vision of God]: “And upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness, like the appearance of a man” (Ezekiel 1:26). “Whose work is with wisdom” – as it is stated: “The Lord founded the earth with wisdom” (Proverbs 3:19). “With knowledge” – as it is stated: “With His knowledge the depths were breached” (Proverbs 3:20). “And with smoothness” – Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon: Neither with toil nor with exertion did the Holy One blessed be He create His world, but rather, “With the word of the Lord the heavens were made” (Psalms 33:6) – upon [utterance of] the word of the Lord, the heavens were already made. “But he will give it over to a man who did not toil for it to be his portion” (Ecclesiastes 2:21) – this is the generation of the Flood. “This too is futility and a great evil” (Ecclesiastes 2:21) – “the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great.”
Another matter: “The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth” – it is written: “For all his days are pains, and anger is his concern; even at night his heart does not rest. This too is futility” (Ecclesiastes 2:23). “For all his days are pains” – this is the generation of Enosh and the generation of the Flood, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – from transgressions. And from where is it derived that [they sinned] during the day as well? The verse states: “And every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day.” Another matter: “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night, as it is written: “He obliterated all existence” (Genesis 7:23).3The proof for this assertion is actually from another verse: “The rain was upon the land forty days and forty nights” (Genesis 7:12) (Matnot Kehunah). Another matter, “for all his days are pains” – these are the people of Sodom, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night, that is what is written: “The Lord rained upon Sodom” (Genesis 19:24).4The punishment of Sodom took place at the end of night and the beginning of day (Bereshit Rabba 50:12). Another matter, “for all his days are pains” – these are the Egyptians, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – when an Israelite would finish his labor [at the end of the day, his Egyptian master] would say to him: Hoe two furrows for me, chop two logs for me. Another matter: “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night; that is what is written: “It was at midnight” (Exodus 12:29). “This too is futility” (Ecclesiastes 2:23).
“The Lord saw that [the wickedness of man] was great [raba]” (Genesis 6:5) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: It was constantly increasing [rava]. Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: We are informed that the generation of the Flood was punished with water and that the people of Sodom were punished with fire. From where can we learn to apply what is stated here to there, and what is stated there to here? The verse states: Raba [here and] raba [there]5“Because the outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great [raba]” (Genesis 18:20).for a verbal analogy.6Indicating that both the people of the Flood and the people of Sodom were punished by both water and fire. “And every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day” – from when the sun would rise until it would set there was no hope for them. That is what is written: “The murderer rises in daylight, kills the poor and indigent, and at night is like a thief” (Job 24:14). But is it not written: “In the dark they burrow under houses; during the day they remain sealed at home”? (Job 24:16).7Indicating that they did not engage in theft at night. What would they do? They would bring balsam oil and smear it on a stone [of the house they wished to rob] and come at night, smell it, and break in.8They were thus involved in thievery both by day and by night. Rabbi Ḥanina once expounded this interpretation [at a lecture] in Tzippori. That night, three hundred break-ins occurred.9By some thieves that had heard the lecture and applied its “lesson,” marking stones on the houses they identified as targets during the day. Balsam was not available in Tzippori, however, so they used a different method of marking. Imagine if they had had balsam oil – what would the Tzipporians have done then!
“The Lord regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was saddened in His heart” (Genesis 6:6). “The Lord regretted [vayinaḥem] that He had made man on the earth” – Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Neḥemya, Rabbi Yehuda said: [God said:] ‘There was regret before Me that I created him below [“on the earth”], for had I created him on High, he would never have rebelled against Me.’ Rabbi Neḥemya said: [God said:] ‘I take solace [mitnaḥem] in the fact that I created him below [“on the earth”], for had I created him on High, just as he incited the lower beings [on earth] to rebel against Me, so he would have incited the supernal beings [the angels] to rebel against Me.’ Rabbi Aivu said: [God said:] ‘There was regret before Me that I created an evil inclination in him, as had I not created an evil inclination in him, he would not have rebelled against Me.’ Rabbi Levi said: [God said:] ‘I take solace in the fact that I made him so that he would [ultimately] be placed in the earth.’10He is mortal and will ultimately die, so there is a time limit to his wickedness. “And He was saddened in His heart” – Rabbi Berekhya said: This is analogous to a king who built a palace by means of an architect. He saw it and it was not to his liking. At whom should he be angry? Is it not the architect? So, “He was saddened in his heart.”11His heart and His wisdom counseled Him to create man. Rabbi Asi said: This is analogous to a king who engaged in commerce by means of an intermediary and incurred a loss. Against whom should he have a grievance? Is it not against the intermediary? So, “He was saddened in his heart.” A certain heretic asked Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa, saying to him: ‘Do you not say that the Holy One blessed be He foresees the future?’ He said to him: ‘Yes.’ [The heretic continued:] ‘But is it not written: “He was saddened in his heart”?’ He said to him: ‘Has a male offspring ever been born to you in your lifetime?’ He said to him: ‘Yes.’ He said to him: ‘What did you do?’ He said to him: ‘I rejoiced and encouraged everyone else to rejoice.’ He said to him: ‘But did you not know that he would ultimately die?’ He said to him: ‘At a time of rejoicing there is rejoicing; at a time of mourning there is mourning.’ He said to him: ‘So was the situation before the Holy One blessed be He, as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: Seven days the Holy One blessed be He mourned His world before the Flood came to the world. What is the source? “He was saddened [vayitatzev] in his heart,” and atziva is nothing other than mourning, just as it says: “The king is grieving [ne’etzav] over his son”’ (II Samuel 19:3).
וַיַּרְא ה' כִּי רַבָּה רָעַת הָאָדָם (בראשית ו, ה), כְּתִיב (קהלת ב, כא): כִּי יֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁעֲמָלוֹ בְּחָכְמָה וּבְדַעַת וּבְכִשְׁרוֹן, אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן גָּדוֹל כֹּחָן שֶׁל נְבִיאִים שֶׁמְדַמִּין צוּרָה לְיוֹצְרָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דניאל ח, טז): וָאֶשְׁמַע קוֹל אָדָם בֵּין אוּלָי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן אִית לָן קְרָיָא אוֹחֳרָן דִּמְחַוַּר יֶתֶר מִן דֵּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל א, כו): וְעַל דְּמוּת הַכִּסֵּא דְּמוּת כְּמַרְאֵה אָדָם עָלָיו מִלְּמָעְלָה. שֶׁעֲמָלוֹ בְּחָכְמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, יט): ה' בְּחָכְמָה יָסַד אָרֶץ. וּבְדַעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, כ): בְּדַעְתּוֹ תְּהוֹמוֹת נִבְקָעוּ. וּבְכִשְׁרוֹן, רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן לֹא בֶעָמָל וְלֹא בִיגִיעָה בָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, אֶלָּא (תהלים לג, ו): בִּדְבַר ה' שָׁמַיִם נַעֲשׂוּ. בִּדְבַר ה' וּכְבָר שָׁמַיִם נַעֲשׂוּ. (קהלת ב, כא): וּלְאָדָם שֶׁלֹא עָמַל בּוֹ יִתְּנֶנּוּ חֶלְקוֹ, זֶה דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל. (קהלת ב, כא): גַּם זֶה הֶבֶל וְרָעָה רַבָּה, וַיַּרְא ה' כִּי רַבָּה רָעַת הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ.
“The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day” (Genesis 6:5).
“The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great” – it is written: “For there is a man whose work is with wisdom, with knowledge, and with smoothness” (Ecclesiastes 2:21).1“There is a man” actually refers to God, as the Midrash goes on to elaborate. Rabbi Yudan said: How great is the power of prophets, in that they can liken the creation to its Creator,2This is phrased euphemistically, as they actually describe the Creator in human terms. as it is stated, [describing a vision of God]: “I heard the voice of a man by the Ulai” (Daniel 8:16). Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: You have another verse that is even clearer than this one, as it is stated [describing a vision of God]: “And upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness, like the appearance of a man” (Ezekiel 1:26). “Whose work is with wisdom” – as it is stated: “The Lord founded the earth with wisdom” (Proverbs 3:19). “With knowledge” – as it is stated: “With His knowledge the depths were breached” (Proverbs 3:20). “And with smoothness” – Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon: Neither with toil nor with exertion did the Holy One blessed be He create His world, but rather, “With the word of the Lord the heavens were made” (Psalms 33:6) – upon [utterance of] the word of the Lord, the heavens were already made. “But he will give it over to a man who did not toil for it to be his portion” (Ecclesiastes 2:21) – this is the generation of the Flood. “This too is futility and a great evil” (Ecclesiastes 2:21) – “the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great.”
דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיַּרְא ה' כִּי רַבָּה רָעַת הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ, כְּתִיב (קהלת ב, כג): כִּי כָל יָמָיו מַכְאֹבִים וָכַעַס עִנְיָנוֹ גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ גַּם זֶה הֶבֶל הוּא, כִּי כָל יָמָיו מַכְאֹבִים, זֶה דּוֹר אֱנוֹשׁ וְדוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְאִיבִים לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶן הָרָעִים. וְכָעַס עִנְיָנוֹ, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְעִיסִים לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶן הָרָעִים. גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ, מִן הָעֲבֵרוֹת. וּמִנַּיִן אַף בַּיּוֹם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (בראשית ו, ה): וְכָל יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע כָּל הַיּוֹם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ, זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מִלְּהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם פֻּרְעָנֻיּוֹת בַּיּוֹם וּפֻרְעָנֻיּוֹת בַּלַּיְלָה, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית ז, כג): וַיִּמַח אֶת כָּל הַיְקוּם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי כָּל יָמָיו מַכְאֹבִים, אֵלּוּ סְדוֹמִיִּים, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְאִיבִים לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם הָרָעִים. וָכַעַס עִנְיָנוֹ, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְעִיסִין לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם הָרָעִים. גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ, זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מִלְּהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם פֻּרְעָנוּת בַּיּוֹם וּפֻרְעָנוּת בַּלָּיְלָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית יט, כד): וַה' הִמְטִיר עַל סְדֹם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי כָּל יָמָיו מַכְאֹבִים, אֵלּוּ הַמִּצְרִיִּים, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְאִיבִים לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם הָרָעִים. וָכַעַס עִנְיָנוֹ, שֶׁהָיוּ מַכְעִיסִים לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם הָרָעִים. גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ, מֵאַחַר שֶׁהָיָה בֶּן יִשְׂרָאֵל גּוֹמֵר אֶת מְלַאכְתּוֹ, הָיָה אוֹמֵר לוֹ עֲדֹר לִי שְׁתֵּי עִדְרִיּוֹת, בְּקַע לִי שְׁתֵּי בִּקְעִיּוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, גַּם בַּלַּיְלָה לֹא שָׁכַב לִבּוֹ, זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מִלְּהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם פֻּרְעָנֻיּוֹת בַּיּוֹם וּפֻרְעָנֻיּוֹת בַּלָּיְלָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמות יב, כט): וַיְהִי בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה, (קהלת ב, כג): וְגַם זֶה הֶבֶל הוּא.
Another matter: “The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth” – it is written: “For all his days are pains, and anger is his concern; even at night his heart does not rest. This too is futility” (Ecclesiastes 2:23). “For all his days are pains” – this is the generation of Enosh and the generation of the Flood, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – from transgressions. And from where is it derived that [they sinned] during the day as well? The verse states: “And every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day.”
Another matter: “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night, as it is written: “He obliterated all existence” (Genesis 7:23).3The proof for this assertion is actually from another verse: “The rain was upon the land forty days and forty nights” (Genesis 7:12) (Matnot Kehunah).
Another matter, “for all his days are pains” – these are the people of Sodom, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night, that is what is written: “The Lord rained upon Sodom” (Genesis 19:24).4The punishment of Sodom took place at the end of night and the beginning of day (Bereshit Rabba 50:12).
Another matter, “for all his days are pains” – these are the Egyptians, who would pain the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “And anger is his concern” – as they would anger the Holy One blessed be He with their wicked deeds. “Even at night his heart does not rest” – when an Israelite would finish his labor [at the end of the day, his Egyptian master] would say to him: Hoe two furrows for me, chop two logs for me.
Another matter: “Even at night his heart does not rest” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, [who did not rest] from bringing punishment upon them during the day and punishment during the night; that is what is written: “It was at midnight” (Exodus 12:29). “This too is futility” (Ecclesiastes 2:23).
וַיַּרְא ה' כִּי רַבָּה וְגו' (בראשית ו, ה), רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר רָבָה וְהוֹלֶכֶת. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר שָׁמַעְנוּ בְּדוֹר הַמַּבּוּל שֶׁנִּדּוֹנוּ בְּמַיִם וְהַסְּדוֹמִים שֶׁנִּדּוֹנוּ בְּאֵשׁ, וּמִנַּיִן לִתֵּן אֶת הָאָמוּר כָּאן לְהַלָּן וְאֶת הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן כָּאן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר רַבָּה רַבָּה לִגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה. וְכָל יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבוֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע כָּל הַיּוֹם, מִשֶּׁהָיְתָה חַמָּה זוֹרַחַת וְעַד שֶׁהָיְתָה שׁוֹקַעַת לֹא הָיְתָה בָּהֶם תּוֹחֶלֶת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב כד, יד): לָאוֹר יָקוּם רוֹצֵחַ יִקְטָל עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן וּבַלַיְּלָה יְהִי כַגַּנָּב, וְהָא כְתִיב (איוב כד, טז): חָתַר בַּחשֶׁךְ בָּתִּים, לָמָּה שֶׁיּוֹמָם חִתְּמוּ לָמוֹ, מָה הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים, הָיוּ מְבִיאִים אַפּוֹפוֹלְסִימוֹן וְשָׁף בְּאֶבֶן, וּבָאִים בַּלַּיְלָה וּמְרִיחִים וְחוֹתְרִים, כָּךְ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בְּצִיפּוֹרִין, אִתְעֲבֵיד הַהוּא לֵילְיָא תְּלַת מֵאָה חֻתְרִין, הֲוָה לְהוֹן אַפּוֹפוֹלְסִימוֹן, מָה הֲווֹן צִפּוֹרָאֵי עָבְדִּין, בִּתְמִיהָה.
“The Lord saw that [the wickedness of man] was great [raba]” (Genesis 6:5) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: It was constantly increasing [rava].
Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: We are informed that the generation of the Flood was punished with water and that the people of Sodom were punished with fire. From where can we learn to apply what is stated here to there, and what is stated there to here? The verse states: Raba [here and] raba [there]5“Because the outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great [raba]” (Genesis 18:20). for a verbal analogy.6Indicating that both the people of the Flood and the people of Sodom were punished by both water and fire.
“And every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day” – from when the sun would rise until it would set there was no hope for them. That is what is written: “The murderer rises in daylight, kills the poor and indigent, and at night is like a thief” (Job 24:14). But is it not written: “In the dark they burrow under houses; during the day they remain sealed at home”? (Job 24:16).7Indicating that they did not engage in theft at night. What would they do? They would bring balsam oil and smear it on a stone [of the house they wished to rob] and come at night, smell it, and break in.8They were thus involved in thievery both by day and by night. Rabbi Ḥanina once expounded this interpretation [at a lecture] in Tzippori. That night, three hundred break-ins occurred.9By some thieves that had heard the lecture and applied its “lesson,” marking stones on the houses they identified as targets during the day. Balsam was not available in Tzippori, however, so they used a different method of marking. Imagine if they had had balsam oil – what would the Tzipporians have done then!
וַיִּנָּחֶם ה' כִּי עָשָׂה אֶת הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ (בראשית ו, ו), רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר תַּוְהוּת הָיְתָה לְפָנַי שֶׁבָּרָאתִי אוֹתוֹ מִלְּמַטָּה, שֶׁאִלּוּ בָּרָאתִי אוֹתוֹ מִלְּמַעְלָה לֹא הָיָה מוֹרֵד בִּי. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר מִתְנַחֵם אֲנִי שֶׁבָּרָאתִי אוֹתוֹ מִלְּמַטָּה שֶׁאִלּוּ בָּרָאתִי אוֹתוֹ מִלְּמַעְלָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִמְרִיד בִּי אֶת הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, כָּךְ הָיָה מַמְרִיד בִּי אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנִים. אָמַר רַבִּי אַיְבוּ תְּוָהוּת הָיְתָה לְפָנַי שֶׁבָּרָאתִי בּוֹ יֵצֶר הָרָע, שֶׁאִלּוּלֵי לֹא בָּרָאתִי בּוֹ יֵצֶר הָרָע לֹא הָיָה מוֹרֵד בִּי. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי מִתְנַחֵם אֲנִי שֶׁעָשִׂיתִי אוֹתוֹ וְנִתַּן בָּאָרֶץ. (בראשית ו, ו): וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה, מָשָׁל לְשַׂר שֶׁבָּנָה פָּלָטִין עַל יְדֵי אַדְרִיכַל, רָאָה אוֹתָהּ וְלֹא עָרְבָה לוֹ, עַל מִי יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהִתְכָּעֵס לֹא עַל אַדְרִיכַל, כָּךְ וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי אָסֵי מָשָׁל לְשַׂר שֶׁעָשָׂה סְחוֹרָה עַל יְדֵי סַרְסוּר וְהִפְסִיד, עַל מִי יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהִתְרָעֵם לֹא עַל הַסַּרְסוּר, כָּךְ וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ. אֶפִּיקוֹרֶס אֶחָד שָׁאַל אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה, אָמַר לוֹ אֵין אַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רוֹאֶה אֶת הַנּוֹלָד, אָמַר לוֹ הֵן. וְהָא כְתִיב וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ נוֹלַד לְךָ בֶּן זָכָר מִיָּמֶיךָ, אָמַר לוֹ הֵן, אָמַר לוֹ מֶה עָשִׂיתָ, אָמַר לוֹ שָׂמַחְתִּי וְשִׂמַּחְתִּי אֶת הַכֹּל, אָמַר לוֹ וְלֹא הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁסּוֹפוֹ לָמוּת, אָמַר לוֹ בִּשְׁעַת חֶדְוָתָא חֶדְוָתָא, בִּשְׁעַת אֶבְלָה אֶבְלָה. אָמַר לוֹ כָּךְ מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי שִׁבְעָה יָמִים נִתְאַבֵּל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל עוֹלָמוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁלֹא יָבוֹא מַבּוּל לָעוֹלָם, מַאי טַעְמֵיהּ וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ, וְאֵין עֲצִיבָה אֶלָא אֲבֵלוּת, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמואל ב יט, ג): נֶעֱצַב הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל בְּנוֹ.
“The Lord regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was saddened in His heart” (Genesis 6:6).
“The Lord regretted [vayinaḥem] that He had made man on the earth” – Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Neḥemya, Rabbi Yehuda said: [God said:] ‘There was regret before Me that I created him below [“on the earth”], for had I created him on High, he would never have rebelled against Me.’ Rabbi Neḥemya said: [God said:] ‘I take solace [mitnaḥem] in the fact that I created him below [“on the earth”], for had I created him on High, just as he incited the lower beings [on earth] to rebel against Me, so he would have incited the supernal beings [the angels] to rebel against Me.’
Rabbi Aivu said: [God said:] ‘There was regret before Me that I created an evil inclination in him, as had I not created an evil inclination in him, he would not have rebelled against Me.’ Rabbi Levi said: [God said:] ‘I take solace in the fact that I made him so that he would [ultimately] be placed in the earth.’10He is mortal and will ultimately die, so there is a time limit to his wickedness.
“And He was saddened in His heart” – Rabbi Berekhya said: This is analogous to a king who built a palace by means of an architect. He saw it and it was not to his liking. At whom should he be angry? Is it not the architect? So, “He was saddened in his heart.”11His heart and His wisdom counseled Him to create man.
Rabbi Asi said: This is analogous to a king who engaged in commerce by means of an intermediary and incurred a loss. Against whom should he have a grievance? Is it not against the intermediary? So, “He was saddened in his heart.”
A certain heretic asked Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa, saying to him: ‘Do you not say that the Holy One blessed be He foresees the future?’ He said to him: ‘Yes.’ [The heretic continued:] ‘But is it not written: “He was saddened in his heart”?’ He said to him: ‘Has a male offspring ever been born to you in your lifetime?’ He said to him: ‘Yes.’ He said to him: ‘What did you do?’ He said to him: ‘I rejoiced and encouraged everyone else to rejoice.’ He said to him: ‘But did you not know that he would ultimately die?’ He said to him: ‘At a time of rejoicing there is rejoicing; at a time of mourning there is mourning.’ He said to him: ‘So was the situation before the Holy One blessed be He, as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: Seven days the Holy One blessed be He mourned His world before the Flood came to the world. What is the source? “He was saddened [vayitatzev] in his heart,” and atziva is nothing other than mourning, just as it says: “The king is grieving [ne’etzav] over his son”’ (II Samuel 19:3).