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יתרו 4

Midrash Tanchuma Buber · Yitro, Chapter 4

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  1. 1

    למה היו ישראל דומין, לאחד שהיה רוכב על כתיפיו של אביו, והיה רואה דבר של חפץ, ואמר לאביו ליקח לו, ולקח לו, כן פעם שני, ופעם שלישי, עד שהן מהלכין ראה אדם אחד אמר לו ראית את אבי [אמר לו אתה רוכב על כתפי וכל מה שאתה מבקש אני עושה לך ואתה אומר לו ראית את אבי] מה עשה השליכו מעל כתיפו, ובא הכלב ונשכו, כך היו ישראל, כשיצאו ישראל ממצרים, מיד הקיפו אותם ענני כבוד, בקשו מן הוריד להן הקב"ה, בקשו שליו הביא להם, שנאמר ותאותם יביא להם (תהלים עח כט), היה נותן להם כל צרכם, התחילו מהרהרים ואומרים היש ה' בקרבנו אם אין (שמות יז ז), אמר להם הקב"ה חייכם אני מודיע אתכם הרי הכלב בא ונושך אתכם, ומי הוא זה זה עמלק, שנאמר ויבא עמלק.

    To what was Israel comparable?13Tanh., Exod. 5:4; Exod. R. 26:2; PRK, ibid. To one who rode on his father's shoulders. When he saw something he wanted and told his father to buy it for him, he bought it for him. <Again he did> so a second time, then a third time. As they were walking along, he saw a certain person to whom he said: Have you seen my father? [<His father> said to him: You ride on my shoulders, and whatever you desire I do for you. Now you say to him: Have you seen my father?] What did he do? He threw him off his shoulders. Then a dog came and bit him. So in the case of Israel, when Israel came forth from Egypt, he immediately enveloped them with clouds of glory. <When> they desired, the Holy One brought down manna for them. <When> they desired, he brought quail for them. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 78:29, cont.): SO HE BROUGHT THEM WHAT THEY CRAVED. He gave them everything they needed. They began to reflect and say (in Exod. 17:7): IS THE LORD PRESENT AMONG US OR NOT? The Holy One said to them: By your life, I am informing you. Behold, the dog is coming and biting you. And who is this <dog>? This is Amalek, as stated (in Exod. 17:8): THEN AMALEK CAME.

  2. 2

    אמר ר' ברכיה למה נקרא שמו עמלק, עם לק, שבא ללוק דמן של ישראל ככלב.

    R. Berekhyah said: Why was his name called Amalek 'MLQ? <They were called> 'MLQ (i.e., a people lick), because they came to lick Israel's blood like a dog.

  3. 3

    ויאמר משה אל יהושע בחר לנו אנשים וגו' (שם שם ט), ולמה ליהושע בשביל לזרזו, וצא הלחם בעמלק (שם), אמר יהושע, כמה גדולים יש כאן, אהרן וחור וע' זקנים לא אמר אלא לי, מה עי לעשות לקיים גזירתו, מיד ויעש יהושע וגו' (שם שם י).

    (Exod. 17:9:) THEN MOSES SAID TO JOSHUA: CHOOSE MEN FOR US…. And why TO JOSHUA? In order to spur him on. (Ibid., cont.:) AND GO OUT TO FIGHT WITH AMALEK. Joshua said: How many nobler ones there are here? Aaron, Hur, and seventy elders. <Nevertheless,> he spoke only to me! What is there for me to do <but> carry out his decree? <Then> immediately (in vs. 10): JOSHUA DID <AS MOSES TOLD HIM>….

  4. 4

    והיה כאשר ירים משה וגו' (שם שם יא), מה היה הסוף, ויחלוש יהושע וגו' (שם שם יג), ר' ברכיה הכהן אמר הפיל עליהם גורלות, ארבעה שמות נקרא, גורל פור חבל חולש.

    (Exod. 17:11:) AND IT CAME TO PASS THAT, WHEN MOSES HELD UP <HIS HAND, ISRAEL PREVAILED>…. What happened in the end? (Vs. 13:) AND JOSHUA OVERTHREW (wayyahalosh, rt.: HLSh) <AMALEK AND HIS PEOPLE>…. R. Berekhyah the Priest said: He cast lots over them. <A lot> is called by four names: goral, pur, hevel, holesh (rt.: HLSh).14The verb wayyahalosh (rt.: HLSh) can have two meanings. The first is “overthrow” or some such word. The second is “cast lots.” Although the first meaning better fits the context of Exodus, R. Berekhyah adopts the second.

  5. 5

    את עמלק (שם), (כשמועו) [כמשמעו], ואת (עמלק) אלו אשתו ובניו, עמו, (אלו) אוכלוסין שבאו עמו, לפיכך כששמע יתרו נסים שעשה הקב"ה בעמלק מיד בא ונתגייר, הוי לץ תכה זה עמלק, ופתי יערים זה יתרו.

    (Exod. 17:13:) ALONG WITH (et) AMALEK, according to its <alternate> meaning.15Et, which usually indicates merely that the following word is a definite direct object, can also mean “with” of accompaniment. So ALONG WITH {AMALEK}. Those < along with him> were his wife and his children. (Exod. 17:13, cont.:) AND HIS PEOPLE ('M). {These were} troops16Gk.: ochloi, i.e., “multitudes.” who came with ('M) him. Therefore, when Jethro heard of the miracles which the Holy One did against Amalek, he immediately came and converted to Judaism. Ergo (in Prov. 19:25): BEAT THE SCOFFER. This is Amalek. (Ibid., cont.:) AND THE SIMPLETON WILL BECOME CLEVER. This is Jethro.

Hebrew: Midrash Tanhuma haKadum veHaYashan, S. Buber, 1885 · Public Domain

English: Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension; trans. by John T. Townsend, 1989. · CC-BY

Texts from Sefaria.