Pisqa’ 105245H:150-152; JN1:267-269. 1. “You shall diligently tithe all the yield of your seed, that grows from your field yearly” (Dt.14:22). This teachers that one does not remove tithes from [the yield of] one year [on behalf of the yield] of another year.246//T. Ter. 2:6.
On what basis do I know to include [application of the rule to] the other tithes [i.e., First-tithe247First-tithe (ma’aser ri’shon) is an annual gift to the priests and Levites of 10% of the harvest in satisfaction of the rule of Nu.18:21-24. and Pauper’s-tithe248The Pauper’s-tithe is offered from produce harvested in years one, two, four, and five of the Sabbatical cycle, when Second-tithe is not required (Dt.14:28-29).]? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)— [that is, each tithe is removed in its appropriate season]. On what basis do I know of the Cattle-tithe that one does not remove it from [the cattle born in] one year [on behalf of the cattle born] in another year? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe . . . yearly” (Dt.14:22).
2. R. Shimon b. Judah says in the name of R. Shimon [b. Yohai]: on what basis do I know that the Cattle-tithe comes under [the rule of] get up and tithe?249See Sifra, bekhuqotai; per. 13:6, and Pisqa’ 63.3 for R. Akiva’s inclusion of Cattle-tithe into the tithing regimen. The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)— [therefore, remove the tithes promptly].
Is it possible to say that whatever grows from the earth,250//M. Maas. 1:1. such as [inedible] dyer’s woad or thorns,251Cf. T. M.R. 3:14. should be held liable under the rule of tithing? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe . . . and you shall eat” (Dt.14:22-23)— [only what is edible need be tithed.]
Is it possible to say that even honey and milk [are held liable]? The Teaching states: “That grows from your field year by year” (Dt.14:22)— from this you may conclude that whatever grows from the domain of the field [is held liable under the rule of tithing.]
3. Inferring from what is stated: “And you shall eat before HASHEM your God, in the place where He shall choose to invest His Name, the tithe of your grain, your must, and your oil” (Dt.14:23)— is it possible to say that we may hold liable only [the tithe of] grain, must, and oil? On what basis do I know to include [tithes from] other fruits? The Teaching states: “All the yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22)— [therefore, all produce might be held liable].
Were this the case, I could reply: just as grain is distinctive, in that it is placed in storage and [not commonly]252I follow F:164, n. 10, who notes that the inserted material is required to make sense of Sifre’s statement. eaten as is, I should include [under the rule of tithing] only what is similar to it! What, then, might I include? Rice, millet, poppy-seed and sesame. On what basis do I know to include other types of pulse? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)— [that is, extend liability to all types of pulse].
Shall I include [types of pulse] which are [commonly] eaten as is, yet shall I not include the likes of lupine and mustard-seed, Which are not [commonly] eaten as is? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)— [therefore, extend liability to lupine and mustard-seed as well].253Cf. M. Maas.4:6. 4. Is it possible to say that [a crop is held liable to tithing] even though it has not grown to one third [of its final yield]?254Cf. M. Maas.1:3. The Teaching states: “And you shall eat” (Dt.14:23)— [when the crop reaches a third of its yield, it is held liable to tithing, for it is then edible.]
On what basis do I know to include leafy greens under [the rule] of tithing? The Teaching states: “And all the tithe of the Land . . . belongs to HASHEM, and is consecrated to HASHEM (Lv.27:30)— [thus leafy greens, too, are held liable.]255= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
“Whether seed from the ground” (Lv.27:30)— including garlic, cress, and field rocket.256Cf. M.Ma.4:5. Is it possible for me to include [seeds of] turnips, radishes, and [other] garden seeds which are not [commonly] eaten? The Teaching states: “Seed from the ground” (Lv.7:30)— but not every seed from the ground!
Is it possible for me include sycamore pods, pods from Zalmonah, and pods from Gederah which are not [commonly] eaten? The Teaching states: “Of the fruit of the wood”257In biblical Hebrew, `eitz can refer to both “tree” and “wood .’ Tannaitic Hebrew commonly uses ‘ilan for the tree. Compare Sifra’s parallel to Sifre at this point. Sifre reads eitz while Sifra has ‘ilan.(Lv.27:30)— but not every fruit of the tree!258= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
5. How do I know that a person removes tithes [from] what he eats? The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)— [therefore, remove tithes from whatever you eat].
Is it possible to say that [one must remove the tithe] in the field, even though its processing is not completed? The Teaching states: “Like grain from the threshing floor” (Nu.18:27)— indeed, [the processing is unfinished, since] it’s still in the field! “And like the plenitude of the vat” (Nu.18:27)— [new wine is not held liable to tithing] until it is in the vat of the press.
Is it possible to say that a person may eat randomly [from produce] in the field?259Cf. M. Maas. 2:4; T. M.R. 2:2. The Teaching states: “You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—[even what is eaten randomly in the field].
On what basis do we know that [we hold liable to tithing] produce that is stored up? The Teaching states: “All the yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22).260= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
6. They taught: the produce stores of [the priestly] clan of Hanan261F:165.l.13 reads bnei Khanan (children of Khanan) while the version at y. Pe’ah 1:6, 16c reads: beit Khanan (the house of Khanan). “Clan of Khanan” mediates the two readings nicely. were destroyed three years prior to [the destruction of] the Land of Israel, because they would remove their fruit from liability for tithing. For they would interpret as follows: “You shall diligently tithe . . . and eat” (Dt.14:22)— but [you need] not [tithe] what you sell . “The yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22)— nor [need you tithe] what you purchase.
(דברים יד כב) עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר אֵת כָּל תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ הַיּוֹצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה שָׁנָה שָׁנָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִים אוֹתוֹ מִשָּׁנָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ.
Pisqa’ 105245H:150-152; JN1:267-269.
1. “You shall diligently tithe all the yield of your seed, that grows from your field yearly” (Dt.14:22).
This teachers that
one does not remove tithes from
[the yield of] one year
[on behalf of the yield] of another year.246//T. Ter. 2:6.
אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, שֶׁבּוֹ דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב. מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שְׁאָר מַעַשְׂרוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
I might infer only that
[this rule applies] to Second-tithe, of which the verse is speaking.
מִנַּיִן לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִים אוֹתָהּ מִשָּׁנָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר אֵת כָּל תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה שָׁנָה שָׁנָה.
On what basis do I know
to include [application of the rule to]
the other tithes [i.e., First-tithe247First-tithe (ma’aser ri’shon) is an annual gift to the priests and Levites of 10% of the harvest in satisfaction of the rule of Nu.18:21-24. and Pauper’s-tithe248The Pauper’s-tithe is offered from produce harvested in years one, two, four, and five of the Sabbatical cycle, when Second-tithe is not required (Dt.14:28-29).]?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—
[that is, each tithe is removed in its appropriate season].
On what basis do I know of the Cattle-tithe that
one does not remove it from
[the cattle born in] one year
[on behalf of the cattle born] in another year?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe . . . yearly” (Dt.14:22).
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: מִנַּיִן לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה שֶׁהוּא בַּעֲמוֹד וְעַשֵּׂר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
2. R. Shimon b. Judah says
in the name of R. Shimon [b. Yohai]:
on what basis do I know that
the Cattle-tithe comes under
[the rule of] get up and tithe?249See Sifra, bekhuqotai; per. 13:6, and Pisqa’ 63.3 for R. Akiva’s inclusion of Cattle-tithe into the tithing regimen.
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—
[therefore, remove the tithes promptly].
יָכוֹל דָּבָר שֶׁגִּדּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ, כְּגוֹן סָטִיס וְקוֹצָה, יְהֵא חַיָּב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר וְאָכַלְתָּ,
Is it possible to say that
whatever grows from the earth,250//M. Maas. 1:1.
such as [inedible] dyer’s woad or thorns,251Cf. T. M.R. 3:14.
should be held liable under the rule of tithing?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe . . .
and you shall eat” (Dt.14:22-23)—
[only what is edible need be tithed.]
יָכוֹל אַף דְּבַשׁ וְחָלָב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: הַיּוֹצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה שָׁנָה שָׁנָה. אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה: דָּבָר הַיּוֹצֵא מֵרְשׁוּת שָׂדֶה.
Is it possible to say that
even honey and milk [are held liable]?
The Teaching states:
“That grows from your field year by year” (Dt.14:22)—
from this you may conclude that
whatever grows from the domain of the field
[is held liable under the rule of tithing.]
מִכְּלָל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ״, יָכוֹל אֵין לְחַיֵּב אֶלָּא דָּגָן תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר? מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שְׁאָר פֵּרוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ.
3. Inferring from what is stated:
“And you shall eat before HASHEM your God,
in the place where He shall choose to invest His Name,
the tithe of your grain, your must, and your oil” (Dt.14:23)—
is it possible to say that
we may hold liable only [the tithe of] grain, must, and oil?
On what basis do I know
to include [tithes from] other fruits?
The Teaching states:
“All the yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22)—
[therefore, all produce might be held liable].
יֹאמַר זֶה, שֶׁאִלּוּ כֵן הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר: מַה תְּבוּאָה מְיֻחֶדֶת, שֶׁמַּכְנִיסָהּ לְקִיּוּם וְדַרְכָּהּ לְהֵאָכֵל כְּמוֹת שֶׁהִיא – אַף אֲנִי אֵינִי מְרַבֶּה אֶלָּא כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ. אֶת מָה אֲנִי מְרַבֶּה? אֶת הָאוֹרֶז וְאֶת הַדּוֹחַן וְאֶת הַפְּרָגִים וְהַשּׁוּמְשְׁמִים. מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שְׁאָר קִטְנִיּוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
Were this the case, I could reply:
just as grain is distinctive,
in that it is placed in storage
and [not commonly]252I follow F:164, n. 10, who notes that the inserted material is required to make sense of Sifre’s statement. eaten as is,
I should include [under the rule of tithing]
only what is similar to it!
What, then, might I include?
Rice, millet, poppy-seed and sesame.
On what basis do I know to include
other types of pulse?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—
[that is, extend liability to all types of pulse].
מְרַבֶּה אֲנִי אֶת הַקִּטְנִיּוֹת שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהֵאָכֵל כְּמוֹת שֶׁהֵן, וַעֲדַיִן לֹא אֲרַבֶּה אֶת הַתּוּרְמוֹס וְאֶת הַחַרְדָּל, שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּם לְהֵאָכֵל כְּמוֹת שֶׁהֵם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר. יָכוֹל אַפְעַלְפִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִשְׁרִישׁוּ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: וְאָכַלְתָּ,
Shall I include [types of pulse]
which are [commonly] eaten as is,
yet shall I not include the likes of lupine and mustard-seed,
Which are not [commonly] eaten as is?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—
[therefore, extend liability to lupine and mustard-seed as well]. 253Cf. M. Maas.4:6.
4. Is it possible to say that [a crop is held liable to tithing]
even though it has not grown to
one third [of its final yield]?254Cf. M. Maas.1:3.
The Teaching states: “And you shall eat” (Dt.14:23)—
[when the crop reaches a third of its yield,
it is held liable to tithing, for it is then edible.]
מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת יְרָקוֹת לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (ויקרא כז ל): ״וְכָל מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ״.
On what basis do I know to include leafy greens
under [the rule] of tithing?
The Teaching states:
“And all the tithe of the Land . . . belongs to HASHEM, and is consecrated to HASHEM (Lv.27:30)—
[thus leafy greens, too, are held liable.] 255= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
(ויקרא כז ל) ״מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ״ – לְרַבּוֹת שׁוּם, שַׁחֲלַיִם וְגַרְגִּיר. יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מְרַבֶּה לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת וְזֵרְעוֹנֵי גִנָּה שֶׁאֵין נֶאֱכָלִים? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ״, וְלֹא כָּל זֶרַע הָאָרֶץ.
“Whether seed from the ground” (Lv.27:30)—
including garlic, cress, and field rocket.256Cf. M.Ma.4:5.
Is it possible for me to include
[seeds of] turnips, radishes, and [other] garden seeds
which are not [commonly] eaten?
The Teaching states:
“Seed from the ground” (Lv.7:30)—
but not every seed from the ground!
(ויקרא כז ל) ״מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ״ – לְרַבּוֹת פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן.
“Or of the fruit of the wood” (Lv.27:30)—
this includes the fruit of trees.
יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מְרַבֶּה חָרוּבֵי שִׁקְמָה וְחָרוּבֵי צַלְמוֹנָה וְחָרוּבֵי גְדוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵין נֶאֱכָלִים? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ״ וְלֹא כָּל פְּרִי הָעֵץ.
Is it possible for me include
sycamore pods, pods from Zalmonah,
and pods from Gederah
which are not [commonly] eaten?
The Teaching states:
“Of the fruit of the wood”257In biblical Hebrew, `eitz can refer to both “tree” and “wood .’ Tannaitic Hebrew commonly uses ‘ilan for the tree. Compare Sifra’s parallel to Sifre at this point. Sifre reads eitz while Sifra has ‘ilan. (Lv.27:30)—
but not every fruit of the tree!258= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
מִנַּיִן שֶׁאָדָם מְעַשֵּׂר אֶת שֶׁאוֹכֵל? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
5. How do I know that a person
removes tithes [from] what he eats?
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—
[therefore, remove tithes from whatever you eat].
יָכוֹל אַפְעַלְפִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ בַּשָּׂדֶה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (במדבר יח כז): ״כַּדָּגָן מִן הַגֹּרֶן״, וַהֲרֵי הוּא בַּשָּׂדֶה (במדבר יח כז), ״וְכַמְלֵאָה מִן הַיָּקֶב״, עַד שֶׁהִיא בַּיֶּקֶב.
Is it possible to say that
[one must remove the tithe] in the field,
even though its processing is not completed?
The Teaching states:
“Like grain from the threshing floor” (Nu.18:27)—
indeed, [the processing is unfinished, since] it’s still in the field!
“And like the plenitude of the vat” (Nu.18:27)—
[new wine is not held liable to tithing] until it is in the vat of the press.
יָכוֹל יְהֵא אָדָם אוֹכֵל עֲרַי בַּשָּׂדֶה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
Is it possible to say that
a person may eat randomly [from produce] in the field?259Cf. M. Maas. 2:4; T. M.R. 2:2.
The Teaching states:
“You shall diligently tithe” (Dt.14:22)—[even what is eaten randomly in the field].
מִנַּיִן שֶׁזּוֹרֵעַ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה.
On what basis do we know that [we hold liable to tithing even] sown seed?
The Teaching states:
“That grows from your field” (Dt.14:22)
מִנַּיִן שֶׁכּוֹנֵס? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ.
On what basis do we know that
[we hold liable to tithing] produce that is stored up?
The Teaching states:
“All the yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22).260= Sifra, bekhuqotai, per.12:9.
אָמְרוּ: חָרְבוּ חֲנֻיּוֹת בְּנֵי חָנָן שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים קֹדֶם לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהָיוּ מוֹצִיאִים פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶם מִידֵי מַעַשְׂרוֹת, שֶׁהָיוּ דּוֹרְשִׁים לוֹמַר ״עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר וְאָכַלְתָּ״ – וְלֹא מוֹכֵר; ״תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ״ – וְלֹא לוֹקֵחַ.
6. They taught:
the produce stores of [the priestly] clan of Hanan261F:165.l.13 reads bnei Khanan (children of Khanan) while the version at y. Pe’ah 1:6, 16c reads: beit Khanan (the house of Khanan). “Clan of Khanan” mediates the two readings nicely. were destroyed
three years prior to [the destruction of] the Land of Israel,
because they would remove their fruit
from liability for tithing.
For they would interpret as follows:
“You shall diligently tithe . . . and eat” (Dt.14:22)—
but [you need] not [tithe] what you sell .
“The yield of your seed” (Dt.14:22)—
nor [need you tithe] what you purchase.