(Devarim 20:6) "And who is the man that has planted a vineyard": This tells me only of one who has planted a vineyard. Whence do I derive (the same for) one who inherited, acquired, or received a vineyards as a gift? From "Who is the man" (— any manner of man).
This tells me only of a vineyard. Whence do I derive (the same for a plot containing) five food plants of five (different) kinds? From "that has planted," (fewer than five not being "planting"). I might think, even four food plants and five barren plants. It is, therefore, written "a vineyard," (these not being considered "a vineyard.")
"and did not redeem" (in the fourth year): to exclude (from "returning") one who sunk vines. "and did not redeem it": to exclude one who engrafted them.
"and another man will redeem it": I might think, his son or the son of his brother — It is written here "another," and elsewhere (Ibid. 28:30) "another." Just as "another" there is a gentile, so, "another" here.
(דברים כ ו) וּמִי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר נָטַע, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא נָטַע. יָרַשׁ, לָקַח, נִתַּן לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: וּמִי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר נָטַע.
(Devarim 20:6) "And who is the man that has planted a vineyard": This tells me only of one who has planted a vineyard. Whence do I derive (the same for) one who inherited, acquired, or received a vineyards as a gift? From "Who is the man" (— any manner of man).
כֶּרֶם, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא כֶּרֶם. מִנַּיִן לְנוֹטֵעַ חֲמִשָּׁה אִילָנֵי מַאֲכָל, וַאֲפִלּוּ מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִים? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: אֲשֶׁר נָטַע. יָכוֹל אַף הַנּוֹטֵעַ אַרְבָּעָה אִילָנֵי מַאֲכָל וַחֲמִשָּׁה אִילָנֵי סְרָק? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: כֶּרֶם.
This tells me only of a vineyard. Whence do I derive (the same for a plot containing) five food plants of five (different) kinds? From "that has planted," (fewer than five not being "planting"). I might think, even four food plants and five barren plants. It is, therefore, written "a vineyard," (these not being considered "a vineyard.")
רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: אֵין לִי בְמַשְׁמָע אֶלָּא כֶּרֶם.
R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: I understand the verse as applying only to a vineyard, (and not as five food plants).
וְלֹא חִלְּלוֹ – פְּרָט לְמַבְרִיךְ; וְלֹא חִלְּלוֹ – פְּרָט לְמַרְכִּיב.
"and did not redeem" (in the fourth year): to exclude (from "returning") one who sunk vines. "and did not redeem it": to exclude one who engrafted them.
יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ – יֵלֵךְ וְיִשְׁמַע דִּבְרֵי כֹּהֵן מֵעֶרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה וְיַחֲזֹר.
"let him go and return to his house": (Let him) heed the words of the Cohein at the battle formation and return.
פֶּן יָמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה – אִם לֹא יִשְׁמַע לְדִבְרֵי כֹהֵן, לְסוֹף הוּא מֵת בַּמִּלְחָמָה.
"lest he die in the war": If he does not heed the words of the Cohein, in the end he will die in the war.
וְאִישׁ אַחֵר יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ – יָכוֹל דּוֹדוֹ וּבֶן דּוֹדוֹ? נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״אַחֵר״ וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (דברים כ ז) ״אַחֵר״, מָה אַחֵר הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן נָכְרִי, אַף אַחֵר הָאָמוּר כָּאן נָכְרִי.
"and another man will redeem it": I might think, his son or the son of his brother — It is written here "another," and elsewhere (Ibid. 28:30) "another." Just as "another" there is a gentile, so, "another" here.