How does one harvest the grapes of a bet peras? They sprinkle [hatat water] on the harvesters and the vessels [once] and then a second time. Then they harvest the grapes and take them out of the bet peras. Others then receive [the grapes] and take them to the winepress. If the latter set [of persons] came into contact with the former, they become unclean, This is according to the words of Bet Hillel. Bet Shammai say: [the gatherer] holds the sickle with sinew-rope, or harvests the grapes with a sharp flint, lets [the grapes fall] into a basket, and then he takes [them] to the winepress. Rabbi Yose said: When do these rules apply? [Only] in the case of a vineyard which subsequently became a bet peras; but a person who plants [vines] in a bet peras must sell [the grapes] in the market.
There are three [kinds of] bet peras: A field in which a grave was plowed may be planted with any kind of plant, But must not be sown with any kind of seed, except with seed [yielding produce] which is reaped. If [such produce] were plucked, the threshing-floor must be piled up in [the field] itself, and the [grain] sifted through two sieves, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: grain [must be sifted] through two sieves, but pulse through three sieves. And he must burn the stubble and the stalks. [Such a field] conveys uncleanness by contact and carriage but does not convey uncleanness by overshadowing.
A field in which a grave has been lost may be sown with any kind of seed, But must not be planted with any kind of plant; Nor may any trees be permitted to remain there except shade-trees which do not produce fruit. [Such a field] conveys uncleanness by contact, carriage and overshadowing.
A kokhin field may neither be planted nor sown, but its earth is regarded as clean and ovens may be made of it for holy use. Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel agree that it [a bet peras in which a grave was plowed over] is examined for one who wished to perform the pesah sacrifice,but is not examined for one who wants to eat terumah. And as for a nazirite: Bet Shammai say: it is examined, But Bet Hillel say: it is not examined. How does he examine it? He brings earth that he can move, and places it into a sieve with fine meshes, and crumbles. If a bone of barley-corn size is found there [the person passing through the field] is deemed unclean.
How is a bet haperas purified? They remove [soil to a depth of] three handbreadths, or [soil to a height of] three handbreadths is placed upon it. If they removed [soil from a depth of] three handbreadths from one half [and upon the other half they placed three hand breadths [of soil], it becomes clean. Rabbi Shimon says: even they removed one handbreadth and a half and placed upon it one handbreadth and a half from another place, it becomes clean. One who paves a bet peras with stones that cannot [easily] be moved, it becomes clean. Rabbi Shimon says: even if one digs up [the soil of] a bet peras [and doesn’t find any bones] it becomes clean.
A person who walks through a bet peras on stones that cannot [easily] be moved, or [who rides] on a man or beast whose strength is great, remains clean. [But if he walks] on stones that can [easily] be moved, or [rides] upon a man or beast whose strength is lousy, he becomes unclean. A person who travels in the land of the gentiles over mountains or rocks, becomes unclean; But if [he travels] by the sea or along the strand, he remains clean. What is [meant by] ‘the strand’? Any place to which the sea rises when it is stormy.
If one buys a field in Syria near to the land of Israel: If he can enter it in cleanness, it is deemed clean and is subject to [the laws of] tithes and sheviit [produce]; But he cannot enter it in cleanness, it [is deemed] unclean, but it is still subject to [the laws of] tithes and sheviit [produce]. The dwelling-places of non-Jews are unclean. How long must [the non-Jew] have dwelt in [the dwelling-places] for them to require examination? Forty days, even if there was no woman with him. If, however, a slave or [an Israelite] woman watched over [the dwelling-place], it does not require examination.
What do they examine? Deep drains and foul-smelling waters. Bet Shammai say: even garbage dumps and crumbled earth. Bet Hillel say: any place where a pig or a weasel can go requires no examination.
Colonnades are not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling places. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: a non-Jewish city that has been destroyed is not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling-places. The east [side] of Caesaron and the west [side] of Caesaron are graveyards. The east [side] of Acre was doubtful, but the sages declared it clean. Rabbi and his law court voted [to decide] about Keni and declared it clean.
Ten places are not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling-places:Arabs’ tents, Field-huts (sukkot), Triangular field-huts, Fruit-shelters, Summer shelters, A gate-house, The open spaces of a courtyard, A bath-house, An armory, And the place where the legions [camp].
כֵּיצַד בּוֹצְרִים בֵּית הַפְּרָס. מַזִּים עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַכֵּלִים, וְשׁוֹנִים וּבוֹצְרִים וּמוֹצִיאִים חוּץ לְבֵית הַפְּרָס, וַאֲחֵרִים מְקַבְּלִים מֵהֶם וּמוֹלִיכִים לַגָּת. אִם נָגְעוּ אֵלּוּ בָאֵלּוּ, טְמֵאִים, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אוֹחֵז אֶת הַמַּגָּל בְּסִיב, אוֹ בוֹצֵר בְּצוֹר וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ הַכְּפִישָׁה וּמוֹלִיךְ לַגָּת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּכֶרֶם הַנַּעֲשָׂה בֵית הַפְּרָס. אֲבָל נוֹטֵעַ בֵּית הַפְּרָס, יִמָּכֵר לַשּׁוּק:
How does one harvest the grapes of a bet peras? They sprinkle [hatat water] on the harvesters and the vessels [once] and then a second time. Then they harvest the grapes and take them out of the bet peras. Others then receive [the grapes] and take them to the winepress. If the latter set [of persons] came into contact with the former, they become unclean, This is according to the words of Bet Hillel. Bet Shammai say: [the gatherer] holds the sickle with sinew-rope, or harvests the grapes with a sharp flint, lets [the grapes fall] into a basket, and then he takes [them] to the winepress. Rabbi Yose said: When do these rules apply? [Only] in the case of a vineyard which subsequently became a bet peras; but a person who plants [vines] in a bet peras must sell [the grapes] in the market.
שְׁלשָׁה בֵית פְּרָסוֹת הֵן, הַחוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הַקֶּבֶר, נִטַּעַת כָּל נֶטַע, וְאֵינָהּ נִזְרַעַת כָּל זֶרַע, חוּץ מִזֶּרַע הַנִּקְצָר. וְאִם עֲקָרוֹ, צוֹבֵר אֶת גָּרְנוֹ לְתוֹכוֹ וְכוֹבְרוֹ בִשְׁתֵּי כְבָרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַתְּבוּאָה בִּשְׁתֵּי כְבָרוֹת, וְהַקִּטְנִיּוֹת בְּשָׁלשׁ כְּבָרוֹת. וְשׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַקַּשׁ וְאֶת הֶעָצָה, וּמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל:
There are three [kinds of] bet peras: A field in which a grave was plowed may be planted with any kind of plant, But must not be sown with any kind of seed, except with seed [yielding produce] which is reaped. If [such produce] were plucked, the threshing-floor must be piled up in [the field] itself, and the [grain] sifted through two sieves, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: grain [must be sifted] through two sieves, but pulse through three sieves. And he must burn the stubble and the stalks. [Such a field] conveys uncleanness by contact and carriage but does not convey uncleanness by overshadowing.
שָׂדֶה שֶׁאָבַד קֶבֶר בְּתוֹכָהּ, נִזְרַעַת כָּל זֶרַע, וְאֵינָהּ נִטַּעַת כָּל נֶטַע. וְאֵין מְקַיְּמִין בָּהּ אִילָנוֹת, חוּץ מֵאִילַן סְרָק שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה פֵרוֹת. וּמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל:
A field in which a grave has been lost may be sown with any kind of seed, But must not be planted with any kind of plant; Nor may any trees be permitted to remain there except shade-trees which do not produce fruit. [Such a field] conveys uncleanness by contact, carriage and overshadowing.
שְׂדֵה בוֹכִין, לֹא נִטַּעַת, וְלֹא נִזְרַעַת, וַעֲפָרָהּ טָהוֹר, וְעוֹשִׂין מִמֶּנָּה תַנּוּרִים לַקֹּדֶשׁ. וּמוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁבּוֹדְקִים לְעוֹשֶׂה פֶסַח, וְאֵין בּוֹדְקִין לִתְרוּמָה. וּלְנָזִיר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בּוֹדְקִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין. כֵּיצַד הוּא בוֹדֵק. מֵבִיא אֶת הֶעָפָר שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ כְּבָרָה שֶׁנְּקָבֶיהָ דַקִּים, וּמְמַחֶה, אִם נִמְצָא שָׁם עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, טָמֵא:
A kokhin field may neither be planted nor sown, but its earth is regarded as clean and ovens may be made of it for holy use. Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel agree that it [a bet peras in which a grave was plowed over] is examined for one who wished to perform the pesah sacrifice,but is not examined for one who wants to eat terumah. And as for a nazirite: Bet Shammai say: it is examined, But Bet Hillel say: it is not examined. How does he examine it? He brings earth that he can move, and places it into a sieve with fine meshes, and crumbles. If a bone of barley-corn size is found there [the person passing through the field] is deemed unclean.
כֵּיצַד מְטַהֲרִין בֵּית הַפְּרָס. נוֹטְלִין מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, אוֹ נוֹתֵן עַל גַּבָּיו שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים. אִם נָטַל מֵחֶצְיוֹ אֶחָד שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְנָתַן עַל גַּבֵּי חֶצְיוֹ אַחֵר שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נָטַל מִמֶּנּוּ טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה, וְנָתַן עָלָיו טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, טָהוֹר. הָרוֹצֵף בֵּית הַפְּרָס בַּאֲבָנִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטָן, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹזֵק בֵּית הַפְּרָס, טָהוֹר:
How is a bet haperas purified? They remove [soil to a depth of] three handbreadths, or [soil to a height of] three handbreadths is placed upon it. If they removed [soil from a depth of] three handbreadths from one half [and upon the other half they placed three hand breadths [of soil], it becomes clean. Rabbi Shimon says: even they removed one handbreadth and a half and placed upon it one handbreadth and a half from another place, it becomes clean. One who paves a bet peras with stones that cannot [easily] be moved, it becomes clean. Rabbi Shimon says: even if one digs up [the soil of] a bet peras [and doesn’t find any bones] it becomes clean.
הַמְהַלֵּךְ בְּבֵית הַפְּרָס עַל אֲבָנִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטָן, עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁכֹּחָן יָפֶה, טָהוֹר. עַל אֲבָנִים שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטָן, עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁכֹּחָן רָע, טָמֵא. הַמְהַלֵּךְ בְּאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, בֶּהָרִים וּבַסְּלָעִים, טָמֵא. בַּיָּם וּבַשּׁוּנִית, טָהוֹר. וְאֵיזֶהוּ הַשּׁוּנִית, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁהַיָּם עוֹלֶה בְזַעְפּוֹ:
A person who walks through a bet peras on stones that cannot [easily] be moved, or [who rides] on a man or beast whose strength is great, remains clean. [But if he walks] on stones that can [easily] be moved, or [rides] upon a man or beast whose strength is lousy, he becomes unclean. A person who travels in the land of the gentiles over mountains or rocks, becomes unclean; But if [he travels] by the sea or along the strand, he remains clean. What is [meant by] ‘the strand’? Any place to which the sea rises when it is stormy.
הַקּוֹנֶה שָׂדֶה בְסוּרְיָא, סְמוּכָה לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אִם יָכוֹל לְהִכָּנֵס לָהּ בְּטָהֳרָה, טְהוֹרָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִכָּנֵס לָהּ בְּטָהֳרָה, טְמֵאָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית. מְדוֹרוֹת הַגּוֹיִם, טְמֵאִין. כַּמָּה יִשְׁהֶא בְתוֹכָן וִיהֵא צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה, אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עִמּוֹ אִשָּׁה. וְאִם הָיָה עֶבֶד אוֹ אִשָּׁה מְשַׁמְּרִים אוֹתוֹ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה:
If one buys a field in Syria near to the land of Israel: If he can enter it in cleanness, it is deemed clean and is subject to [the laws of] tithes and sheviit [produce]; But he cannot enter it in cleanness, it [is deemed] unclean, but it is still subject to [the laws of] tithes and sheviit [produce]. The dwelling-places of non-Jews are unclean. How long must [the non-Jew] have dwelt in [the dwelling-places] for them to require examination? Forty days, even if there was no woman with him. If, however, a slave or [an Israelite] woman watched over [the dwelling-place], it does not require examination.
אֶת מַה הֵם בּוֹדְקִים, אֶת הַבִּיבִים הָעֲמֻקִּים וְאֶת הַמַּיִם הַסְּרוּחִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף הָאַשְׁפַּתּוֹת וְעָפָר הַתִּחוֹחַ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כָּל מְקוֹם שֶׁהַחֲזִיר וְהַחֻלְדָּה יְכוֹלִים לְהַלֵּךְ בּוֹ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה:
What do they examine? Deep drains and foul-smelling waters. Bet Shammai say: even garbage dumps and crumbled earth. Bet Hillel say: any place where a pig or a weasel can go requires no examination.
הָאִצְטְוָנִיּוֹת, אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם מְדוֹר הַגּוֹיִם. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עִיר גּוֹיִם שֶׁחָרְבָה, אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מְדוֹר גּוֹיִם. מִזְרַח קִסְרִין וּמַעֲרַב קִסְרִין, קְבָרוֹת. וּמִזְרַח עַכּוֹ הָיָה סָפֵק, וְטִהֲרוּהוּ חֲכָמִים. רַבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ נִמְנוּ עַל קֵינִי וְטִהֲרוּהוּ:
Colonnades are not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling places. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: a non-Jewish city that has been destroyed is not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling-places. The east [side] of Caesaron and the west [side] of Caesaron are graveyards. The east [side] of Acre was doubtful, but the sages declared it clean. Rabbi and his law court voted [to decide] about Keni and declared it clean.
עֲשָׂרָה מְקוֹמוֹת אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם מְדוֹר גּוֹיִם. אָהֳלֵי הָעַרְבִיִּים, וְהַסֻּכּוֹת, וְהַצְּרִיפִין, וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין, וְהָאַלְקְטִיּוֹת, וּבֵית שַׁעַר, וַאֲוִירָהּ שֶׁל חָצֵר, וְהַמֶּרְחָץ, וּמְקוֹם הַחִצִּים, וּמְקוֹם הַלִּגְיוֹנוֹת:
Ten places are not [subject to the laws] of non-Jewish dwelling-places:Arabs’ tents, Field-huts (sukkot), Triangular field-huts, Fruit-shelters, Summer shelters, A gate-house, The open spaces of a courtyard, A bath-house, An armory, And the place where the legions [camp].