A [dead] sheretz and a [dead] frog in a public domain, And so also [if there was there] an olive's bulk of a corpse and an olive's bulk of carrion, A bone of a corpse and a bone of carrion; A clod of clean earth and a clod from a doubtful grave area A clod of clean earth and a clod from the land of the Gentiles, Or if there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked through one of them but it is not known which, Or if overshadowed one of them but it is not known which, or he shifted one of them but it is not known which: Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean.
One who said, "I touched an object but I do not know whether it was unclean or clean," or "I touched one but I do not know which of the two I touched": Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean. Rabbi Yose says that he is unclean in every case and clean only in that of the path, since it is the usual custom for people to walk but it is not their usual practice to touch.
If there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and one walked on one of them and then prepared clean foods which were then eaten and, then he was sprinkled upon once and a second time and he performed immersion and became clean, then he walked on the second path and then prepared clean foods, the latter are clean. If the first foods were still in existence both must be held in suspense. If he had not become clean in the meantime, the first is held in suspense and the second must be burnt.
If there was a sheretz and a frog in a public domain and a man touched one of them and then prepared clean foods which were subsequently consumed; and then he immersed, and then he touched the other and then prepared clean foods, the latter are deemed clean. If the first foods were still in existence both must be held in suspense. If he did not immerse in the meanwhile, the first are held in suspense and the second must be burnt .
If there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked by one of them and then prepared clean food, and subsequently another man came and walked by the second path and then prepared clean foods: Rabbi Judah rules: if each by himself asked for a ruling they are both to be declared clean. But if they asked for a ruling simultaneously, both are to be declared unclean. Rabbi Yose ruled: in either case they are both unclean.
If there were two loaves, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man ate one of them and then prepared clean food, and afterwards another man came and ate the second loaf and then prepared clean food: Rabbi Judah ruled: if each by himself asked for a ruling they are both to be declared clean, but if they asked simultaneously both are to be declared unclean. Rabbi Yose ruled: in either case they are both unclean.
If a man sat in a public domain and someone came and trod on his clothes, or spat and he touched his spit, on account of the spit terumah must be burnt, but on account of the clothes the majority principle is followed. If a man slept in the public domain, when he rises his clothes have midras uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say that they are clean. If a man touched someone in the night and it is not known whether it was one who was alive or dead, but in the morning when he got up he found him to be dead: Rabbi Meir says that he is clean. But the sages rule that he is unclean, since all doubtful cases of uncleanness are [determined] in accordance with [their appearance at] the time they are discovered.
If there was in the town one who was not of sound sense, a Gentile, or a Samaritan woman, all spit encountered in the town is deemed unclean. If a woman trod on a man's clothes or sat with him in a boat: If she knew that he was one who eats terumah, his clothes remain clean: But if not, he must ask her.
If one witness says, "You have become unclean," but he says, "I have not become unclean," he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "You have become unclean," and he says, "I have not become unclean," Rabbi Meir says: he is unclean. But the sages say: he may be believed on his own evidence. If one witness says, "You have become unclean," and two witnesses say, "He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "He has become unclean’, and one witness says, ‘"He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as unclean. If one witness says, "He has become unclean," and another says, "He has not become unclean," or if one woman says, "He has become unclean’, and another woman says, "He has not become unclean," he is regarded as unclean if in the private domain, but if in a public domain he is regarded as clean.
הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְעֶצֶם מִן הַמֵּת וְעֶצֶם מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מִבֵּית הַפְּרָס, גּוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הָלַךְ, הֶאֱהִיל עַל אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הֶאֱהִיל, הִסִּיט אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם הִסִּיט, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים:
A [dead] sheretz and a [dead] frog in a public domain, And so also [if there was there] an olive's bulk of a corpse and an olive's bulk of carrion, A bone of a corpse and a bone of carrion; A clod of clean earth and a clod from a doubtful grave area A clod of clean earth and a clod from the land of the Gentiles, Or if there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked through one of them but it is not known which, Or if overshadowed one of them but it is not known which, or he shifted one of them but it is not known which: Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean.
אֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, נָגַעְתִּי בָזֶה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם הוּא טָמֵא וְאִם הוּא טָהוֹר, נָגַעְתִּי וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם נָגַעְתִּי, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא בְכֻלָּן, וּמְטַהֵר בַּשְּׁבִיל, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לַהֲלֹךְ וְאֵין דַּרְכָּם לִגָּע:
One who said, "I touched an object but I do not know whether it was unclean or clean," or "I touched one but I do not know which of the two I touched": Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean. Rabbi Yose says that he is unclean in every case and clean only in that of the path, since it is the usual custom for people to walk but it is not their usual practice to touch.
שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וְנֶאֱכְלוּ, הִזָּה וְשָׁנָה וְטָבַל וְטָהַר, וְהָלַךְ בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת. אִם קַיָּמוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ תְּלוּיוֹת. אִם לֹא טָהַר בֵּינְתַיִם, הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת יִשָּׂרֵפוּ:
If there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and one walked on one of them and then prepared clean foods which were then eaten and, then he was sprinkled upon once and a second time and he performed immersion and became clean, then he walked on the second path and then prepared clean foods, the latter are clean. If the first foods were still in existence both must be held in suspense. If he had not become clean in the meantime, the first is held in suspense and the second must be burnt.
הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וְנֶאֱכְלוּ, טָבַל, נָגַע בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת. אִם קַיָּמוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ תְּלוּיוֹת. אִם לֹא טָבַל בֵּינְתַיִם, הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת יִשָּׂרֵפוּ:
If there was a sheretz and a frog in a public domain and a man touched one of them and then prepared clean foods which were subsequently consumed; and then he immersed, and then he touched the other and then prepared clean foods, the latter are deemed clean. If the first foods were still in existence both must be held in suspense. If he did not immerse in the meanwhile, the first are held in suspense and the second must be burnt .
שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶן וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְהָלַךְ בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאֶחָד, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאִים:
If there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked by one of them and then prepared clean food, and subsequently another man came and walked by the second path and then prepared clean foods: Rabbi Judah rules: if each by himself asked for a ruling they are both to be declared clean. But if they asked for a ruling simultaneously, both are to be declared unclean. Rabbi Yose ruled: in either case they are both unclean.
שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, אָכַל אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָכַל אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאַחַת, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאִים:
If there were two loaves, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man ate one of them and then prepared clean food, and afterwards another man came and ate the second loaf and then prepared clean food: Rabbi Judah ruled: if each by himself asked for a ruling they are both to be declared clean, but if they asked simultaneously both are to be declared unclean. Rabbi Yose ruled: in either case they are both unclean.
מִי שֶׁיָּשַׁב בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּבָא אֶחָד וְדָרַס עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁרָקַק וְנָגַע בְּרֻקּוֹ, עַל רֻקּוֹ שׂוֹרְפִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְעַל בְּגָדָיו הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. יָשֵׁן בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְעָמַד, כֵּלָיו טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. נָגַע בְּאֶחָד בַּלַּיְלָה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם חַי אִם מֵת, וּבַשַּׁחַר עָמַד וּמְצָאוֹ מֵת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:
If a man sat in a public domain and someone came and trod on his clothes, or spat and he touched his spit, on account of the spit terumah must be burnt, but on account of the clothes the majority principle is followed. If a man slept in the public domain, when he rises his clothes have midras uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say that they are clean. If a man touched someone in the night and it is not known whether it was one who was alive or dead, but in the morning when he got up he found him to be dead: Rabbi Meir says that he is clean. But the sages rule that he is unclean, since all doubtful cases of uncleanness are [determined] in accordance with [their appearance at] the time they are discovered.
שׁוֹטָה אַחַת בָּעִיר, אוֹ נָכְרִית, אוֹ כוּתִית, כָּל הָרֻקִּים שֶׁבָּעִיר טְמֵאִין. מִי שֶׁדָּרְסָה אִשָּׁה עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה עִמּוֹ בִּסְפִינָה, אִם מַכִּירָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה, כֵּלָיו טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לָאו, יִשְׁאָלֶנָּה:
If there was in the town one who was not of sound sense, a Gentile, or a Samaritan woman, all spit encountered in the town is deemed unclean. If a woman trod on a man's clothes or sat with him in a boat: If she knew that he was one who eats terumah, his clothes remain clean: But if not, he must ask her.
עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמֵאתָ, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הוּא נֶאֱמָן עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמָא, וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָמֵא. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, אִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת נִטְמָא וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא נִטְמָא, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר:
If one witness says, "You have become unclean," but he says, "I have not become unclean," he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "You have become unclean," and he says, "I have not become unclean," Rabbi Meir says: he is unclean. But the sages say: he may be believed on his own evidence. If one witness says, "You have become unclean," and two witnesses say, "He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "He has become unclean’, and one witness says, ‘"He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as unclean. If one witness says, "He has become unclean," and another says, "He has not become unclean," or if one woman says, "He has become unclean’, and another woman says, "He has not become unclean," he is regarded as unclean if in the private domain, but if in a public domain he is regarded as clean.