ON THE TENTH DAY OF THIS MONTH THEY SHALL TAKE TO THEM A LAMB. According to R. Abba, the tenth day was chosen because on this day the Jubilee illumines the Moon (i.e. Binah communicates light to Malkuth); for of the Jubilee it is written: “On the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement” (Lev. 23, 27).
“They shall take a lamb.” Why a lamb? Because it symbblized the power of the lowest “crown”, which the Holy One broke, the “crown” to which all the other inferior “crowns ” cling, forming the unholy triad signified by the phrase, “lambs, menservants, and womenservants”, sent by Jacob to Esau, as a sop, as it were, to the evil powers which the latter represented.
The Holy One said: “Do ye perform this act of slaughtering the Passover lamb, and I myself will nullify its power above. Do ye let it pass through fire (v. 8) here below, and I shall lead the impure principality which it represents through the fiery Stream.”
And why was the lamb to be tied up on the tenth day and slaughtered on the fourteenth? Because, according to R. Abba, the four days corresponded to the four hundred years that Israel was subjected to the power of Egypt.
And why was the slaughter performed in the evening? Because that is the time when judgement predominates above and below, and also because it was at this time (“between the evenings”) that Israel’s exiles were foretold to Abraham, as it is written: “And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abraham, and lo, a horror of great darkness fell upon him” (Gen. xv, I 2). “Horror” signifies one supernal “crown” which represents Egypt; “darkness” is a second such, representing Babylon; and “great” refers to the Edomite (Roman) exile, which was to be the hardest of all.
Thus it is seen that the Israelites did not go out of Egypt until all the supernal powers and principalities which were Israel’s enemies had been brought to nought; but when these things had come to pass the people were freed from their domination and brought under the holy and heavenly sway of the Holy One, blessed be He, and were joined to Him and to Him alone, as it is written: “For unto me the children of Israel are servants; they are my servants whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt” (Lev. 25, 55).
(שמות י״ב:ג׳) דַּבְּרוּ אֶל כָּל עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה וְיִקְחוּ לָהֶם אִישׁ שֶׂה וְגוֹ', בֶּעָשׂוֹר, אֲמַאי בֶּעָשׂוֹר. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא, בְּזִמְנָא דְּאַנְהִיר יוֹבְלָא לְסִיהֲרָא, דִּכְתִּיב בְּיוֹבְלָא, בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי הַזֶּה יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים הוּא.
ON THE TENTH DAY OF THIS MONTH THEY SHALL TAKE TO THEM A LAMB. According to R. Abba, the tenth day was chosen because on this day the Jubilee illumines the Moon (i.e. Binah communicates light to Malkuth); for of the Jubilee it is written: “On the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement” (Lev. 23, 27).
וְיִקְחוּ לָהֶם אִישׁ שֶׂה לְבֵית אָבוֹת, אֲמַאי, בְּגִין דִּבְזִמְנָא דָּא אִצְטְרִיךְ לְמֵיגַד לֵיהּ. דְּהָא תָּנֵינָן, בְּמִלְּתָא דָּא אִתְּבַר כִּתְרָא (חדא) תַּתָּאָה, (ע' ע"ב) דְּמִתְאַחֲדִין בֵּיהּ כָּל שְׁאַר כִּתְרִין תַּתָּאִין, וְעַל דָּא פָּרִישׁ מֹשֶׁה וְאָמַר, מִשְׁכוּ וּקְחוּ לָכֶם צֹאן, כְּמָה דִּכְתִּיב, צֹאן וְעֶבֶד וְשִׁפְחָה.
“They shall take a lamb.” Why a lamb? Because it symbblized the power of the lowest “crown”, which the Holy One broke, the “crown” to which all the other inferior “crowns ” cling, forming the unholy triad signified by the phrase, “lambs, menservants, and womenservants”, sent by Jacob to Esau, as a sop, as it were, to the evil powers which the latter represented.
אָמַר קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, עֲבִידוּ אַתּוּן עוֹבָדָא לְתַתָּא, וַאֲנָא אִתְּבַר תֻּקְפֵיהוֹן לְעֵילָּא, וּכְמָה דְּתַעְבְּדוּן בְּנוּרָא אַתּוּן, דִּכְתִּיב כִּי אִם צְלִי אֵשׁ, אֲנָא אוּף הָכִי אַעְבִיר אוֹתוֹ בָּאֵשׁ בִּנְהַר דִּינוּר.
The Holy One said: “Do ye perform this act of slaughtering the Passover lamb, and I myself will nullify its power above. Do ye let it pass through fire (v. 8) here below, and I shall lead the impure principality which it represents through the fiery Stream.”
אֲמַאי אִתְנְגִיד בַּעֲשָׂרָה, וְאִתְנְכִיס בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא בְּדָא אִתְקַשָּׁרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְבַּע מְאָה שְׁנִין. וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּאַרְבַּע מְאָה שְׁנִין לָא אִשְׁתַּעֲבִידוּ בְּהוּ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, הוֹאִיל וַהֲוָה זַמִּין לְאִתְקַשְּׁרָא בְּהוּ, אִתְחַשִׁיב עָלֵיהּ כְּאִילּוּ אִשְׁתַּעֲבִידוּ בְּהוּ כָּל ת' שְׁנִין. בְּגִין כָּךְ, מְעַכְּבִין לֵיהּ אַרְבַּע יוֹמִין, קְטִירָא בִּרְשׁוּתַיְיהוּ דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וּלְבָתַר וְשָׁחֲטוּ אוֹתוֹ כֹּל קְהַל עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.
And why was the lamb to be tied up on the tenth day and slaughtered on the fourteenth? Because, according to R. Abba, the four days corresponded to the four hundred years that Israel was subjected to the power of Egypt.
אֲמַאי בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם. בְּשַׁעֲתָא דְּדִינָא תַּלְיָא, וּבְשַׁעֲתָא דְּאִתְּמְסַר מִלָּה דָּא לֵיהּ, עַל יְדוֹי דְּאַבְרָהָם, דִּכְתִּיב (בראשית ט״ו:י״ב) וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ לָבוֹא וְתַרְדֵּמָה נָפְלָה עַל אַבְרָם וְהִנֵּה אֵימָה חֲשֵׁכָה גְּדוֹלָה נוֹפֶלֶת עָלָיו. אֵימָה: כִּתְרָא חֲדָא. חֲשֵׁכָה: כִּתְרָא אַחֲרָא. גְּדוֹלָה: הַאי דְּהִיא רַבְרְבָא מִכֹּלָּא. וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּאוֹקִימְנָא קְרָא דָּא עַל שְׁאַר שִׁעְבּוּדַיְיהוּ דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכֹלָּא הֲוָה. כְּגַוְונָא דָּא, (שמות י״ז:י״ד) כִּי מָחֹה אֶמְחֶה, אַתּוּן מִתַּתָּא, וַאֲנָא מֵעֵילָּא.
And why was the slaughter performed in the evening? Because that is the time when judgement predominates above and below, and also because it was at this time (“between the evenings”) that Israel’s exiles were foretold to Abraham, as it is written: “And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abraham, and lo, a horror of great darkness fell upon him” (Gen. xv, I 2). “Horror” signifies one supernal “crown” which represents Egypt; “darkness” is a second such, representing Babylon; and “great” refers to the Edomite (Roman) exile, which was to be the hardest of all.
תָּנָא, לָא נָפְקוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם, עַד דְּאִתְּבָּרוּ כֻּלְּהוּ שִׁלְטוֹנִין דִּלְעֵילָּא (משלשוליהון) מִשּׁוּלְטָנִיהוֹן, וְנַפְקוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵרְשׁוּתְהוֹן, וְאָעלוּ לִרְשׁוּתָא קַדִּישָׁא עִלָּאָה בְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, וְאִתְקָטִירוּ בֵּיהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִּיב, (ויקרא כ״ה:נ״ה) כִּי לִי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבָדִים עֲבָדַי הֵם. מַאי טַעֲמָא עֲבָדַי הֵם. אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִי אוֹתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם, דְּאַפָּקִית לְהוּ מֵרְשׁוּתָא אַחֲרָא, וְעָאַלִית לוֹן בִּרְשׁוּתִי.
Thus it is seen that the Israelites did not go out of Egypt until all the supernal powers and principalities which were Israel’s enemies had been brought to nought; but when these things had come to pass the people were freed from their domination and brought under the holy and heavenly sway of the Holy One, blessed be He, and were joined to Him and to Him alone, as it is written: “For unto me the children of Israel are servants; they are my servants whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt” (Lev. 25, 55).